Credit card numbers
Today I discovered the Lunh algorithm which defines each card as being valid.
Put simply, the algorithm is "For a card with an even number of digits, double every odd numbered digit and subtract 9 if the product is greater than 9. Add up all the even digits as well as the doubled-odd digits, and the result must be a multiple of 10 or it's not a valid card. If the card has an odd number of digits, perform the same addition doubling the even numbered digits instead."
The simple worked examples in the above link explain clearly how the numbers work and what they mean.
ps Don't try this in binary.
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